The "Red Eye"
Investigating the cause of a "red eye" can sometimes be a fairly complex process. It is important to first understand that there are numerous and sometimes multiple possible causes of a red eye. In addition, red eyes can range in severity of associated signs and symptoms from very mild/asymptomatic to extremely severe. These conditions can be acute (sudden onset) or chronic (ongoing, sometimes many years) in nature. The appropriate treatment of a red eye depends on its cause. The following are some of the relatively common causes of a red eye:
- Dry Eye
- Blepharitis
- Contact Lens Associated Complications
- Allergic Conjunctivitis
- Bacterial Conjunctivitis
- Viral Conjunctivitis
- Environmental/Toxic
- Medication Induced (e.g., certain over-the-counter eye drops)
- Keratitis (Corneal Inflammation)
- Iritis
- Episcleritis
- Subconjunctival Hemorrhage
- Trauma
- Exposure/Anatomical
The examination of a "red eye" should start with a thorough case history. A physical exam of the eye and associated structures should then be conducted. Usually the cause of a red eye can be determined by a thorough clinical assessment. However, if required, special procedures or lab tests may also need to be arranged. Upon the determination of the cause (or probable cause) of a red eye, the necessary treatment, management, or appropriate referral can then be arranged.
